Transfer from a Positive Youth Development Program to School

Thursday, March 19, 2015: 2:04 PM
213 (Convention Center)
Michael A. Hemphill, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC and K. Andrew Richards, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Background/Purpose: Positive Youth Development (PYD) programs have shown potential to teach personal and social responsibility.  Physical activity has proven to be an effective medium to promote PYD. Practitioners of PYD aim to teach life skills through sports in ways that can “transfer” to other environments, such as schools. Using Hellison’s (2011) TPSR model as a framework, the purpose of this study was to examine ways that youth transferred learning from a physical activity-based PYD program to the school context.
Method: All participants were chosen based on their involvement with a physical activity-based PYD program. Participants included four key groups: youth (N = 21), parents of youth (N = 7), school faculty (N = 3), and PYD program staff (N = 4). Youth participated in individual interviews (N = 20) and focus group interviews (N = 7). All adults participated in individual interviews. Systematic observations (N = 24) of the program were conducted, and school progress reports for youth participating in the program were obtained to examine the presence of PYD programming and school-related outcomes.

Analysis/Results: Data were analyzed qualitatively using deductive analysis. Hellison’s (2011) TPSR framework, which includes respect, effort and participation, self-direction, and helping others and leadership was using as the coding structure. Findings indicated strong evidence for transfer of “respect,” “effort,” and “leadership.” For example, all participants explained ways that PYD participants’ effort in school was influenced by lessons learned in the PYD program. There was limited evidence for transfer of “self-direction.” For example, evidence from all sources indicated that the youth struggled to set and follow goals. Evidence from all sources indicated the PYD program does transfer some skills into the school and has a positive impact on academic performance. For example, the academic enrichment goals of the PYD program were credited with increasing homework completion and performance in the classroom.

Conclusions: Physical activity-based PYD programs have the potential to promote personal and social responsibility and the transfer of life skills into the school environment. Using data triangulation, this study demonstrates one research-based approach to document transfer of PYD into other settings. The unique role of physical activity needs further examination to understand its role in PYD. Further research should continue to consider the perspectives of individuals within PYD programs and within settings where PYD aims to transfer life skills.