Scheduled for “More Than a Game:” Impact of The First Tee Life Skills Programs on Positive Youth Development, Wednesday, March 14, 2007, 12:15 PM - 1:30 PM, Convention Center: 327


How and Why Youth Learn Life Skills: Coaching Philosophy and Strategies

Melissa S. Price, University Of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA

The success of The First Tee in developing life skills that contribute to positive youth development hinges on the effective delivery of the curriculum. For this, The First Tee looks to coaches who serve as external resources cultivating participants' psychosocial development. Coaches have the potential to shape youth participants' self-perceptions, motivation, and skill learning through a variety of behaviors, teaching methods, leadership styles, and personal attributes. Interviews with coaches provided another voice for the impact of The First Tee on positive youth development. Specifically, coaches were asked to discuss how they apply The First Tee Coach Philosophy through the four building blocks (activity-based, mastery-driven, empower youth, continuous learning) to explain how and why youth learn life skills and core values. Results showed that coaches used effective strategies consistent with the coach philosophy such as modeling, feedback, role playing, opportunities for self-monitoring, games, peer mentoring, humor, reinforcement and repetition of concepts, direct instruction, and creating coachable moments. In particular, coaches used a seamless approach to keep lessons activity-based, integrating life skills and golf skills into one fun activity and bridging them to other contexts. To foster a mastery-driven climate, coaches stated that success for a participant is defined relative to his or her own abilities. The youth-centered philosophy of The First Tee was further supported in coaches' descriptions of methods to empower youth—allowing participants to make choices about activities and including youth in decision-making of goals and skill learning. Finally, coaches provide feedback during coachable moments using a Good-Better-How format to promote continuous learning. While the aforementioned coaching behaviors and strategies illuminated how coaches apply the coach philosophy, coaches provided specific examples of how they teach interpersonal and self-management skills. Coaches used participants in role-playing situations and practiced using open-ended questions to teach The Meet and Greet. Modeling and reinforcement were common methods for teaching respectful behavior on and off the golf course. For self-management skills, coaches relied on direct instruction of The First Tee techniques (Be Patient, Be Positive, and Ask for Help; 4Rs; STAR) to help participants maintain a positive attitude, refrain from thinking negative thoughts, and cope with frustration. Through the use of effective strategies that focus on a youth-centered approach to learning, coaches are valuable resources for delivering the life skills curriculum and fostering positive youth development of The First Tee participants.
Keyword(s): youth sports

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