Scheduled for Research Consortium Poster Session: Thematic Physical Education Program Standards, Structure, and Support Posters, Thursday, March 15, 2007, 10:15 AM - 11:45 AM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


A Service Learning-Based Project to Change Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Obese Individuals in Kinesiology Preprofessionals

Paul Rukavina, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS and Weidong Li, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN

The United States is facing an epidemic of obesity. Educating people to live a healthy lifestyle is critical to win the battle. Many barriers exist to living a healthy lifestyle; however, an often overlooked barrier is an anti-fat bias. Literature has indicated that allied health and physical activity related professionals and pre-professionals exhibit those biases (e.g., Greenleaf & Weiller, 2005), which may unknowingly impede students or clients to obtain a healthy lifestyle. Studies have demonstrated the ability to reduce explicit anti-fat bias using strategies such as service learning and lecture, or reading information about controllability; however, no studies exist to reduce implicit or attitudes operating outside of conscious awareness in pre-professionals. Consciousness-raising, or making students aware of environmental cues that could elicit bias, and evoking empathy has been proposed as a strategies to reduce implicit attitudes. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to conduct a service-learning intervention to reduce pre-professional Kinesiology students' implicit and explicit anti-fat biases. As a part of a test and measurement class, the intervention included evoking empathy through role-playing and hearing an overweight women talk about her stigmatization, consciousness raising, lecture on multi-faceted causes of obesity, service-learning project (administering FITNESSGRAM on elementary aged children), and a reflection paper. Attitude data were collected for 77 students (51 male and 26 female, age M= 21.63, SD=1.49). Participants in the intervention (n=42) and control (n=35) groups completed demographics, an explicit anti-fat attitude test (AFAT) attitude questionnaire and an implicit association test (IAT) before and after the intervention. AFAT had 3 subscales: social character disparagement, physical romantic unattractiveness, and weight control/blame, which had acceptable internal consistency coefficients ranging from .75 to .89. Also, lazy/motivated and stupid/smart constructs were assessed by using the IAT. MANOVA and ANOVAs were used to analyze the data. Overall, participants did not have anti-fat biases on AFAT subscales. As a result of the intervention, significant changes were expressed in the weight control/blame, F(1,69) =5.53, p<.022, and social character, F(1,69)= 9.48, p<.003, which indicates a reduction in explicit anti-fat bias. The ANOVA analyses indicated that participants had implicit anti-fat biases, as reflected on the two IAT subscales before the intervention: the motivated/lazy, F(1,64) = 152.7, p<.0001 and stupid/smart, F(1,65)=123.84, p<.0001. However, the intervention failed to reduce participants' implicit anti-fat bias, which suggests the resiliency of deep-seated attitudes in pre-professionals. More research is warranted to identify effective strategies for reducing students' implicit bias toward obese individuals.
Keyword(s): professional preparation

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