Scheduled for Motor Behavior and Measurement Posters, Wednesday, April 2, 2003, 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall A


Prelongitudinal Screening Developmental Sequences for the Forceful Kick

Michelle L Lisy and Stephen J. Langendorfer, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH

Since soccer is increasing in popularity and little developmental research has focused on kicking, the purpose of this study was to identify different movement patterns people use when they kick a ball hard and to determine whether these patterns represent valid and reliable ordered changes acquired over experience according to prelongitudinal screening criteria for developmental sequences. Two component developmental sequences, for preparatory hip action and follow through step action, were hypothesized and tested based on data from two smaller pilot studies. Potential developmental validity of the two component sequences was assessed using both deterministic (Roberton & Langendorfer, 1980) and probabilistic (Roberton, Williams, & Langendorfer, 1980) prelongitudinal screening criteria applied to N=22 college age students with a variety of kicking experiences. Velocity scores along with self-reported experience levels were substituted for age as the developmental marker variable. Both preparatory hip action and follow through step action component sequences for forceful kickig were able to be assessed objectively (P > 90% inter- and intra-rater agreement). Prelongitudinal screening results indicated the preparatory hip action was ready for longitudinal testing as hypothesized according to both deterministic and probabilistic criteria. The follow through step action component required additional testing and modification prior to subjecting it to longitudinal testing. In addition, self-reported experience provided a relatively weak substitute for age as a developmental marker variable whereas ball velocity was an adequate age substitute. Additional testing of younger and less experienced kickers is still needed to screen the most primitive levels of each component developmental sequence in forceful kicking.

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