Scheduled for Poster Session: Socio-, Cross-Cultural, and Motivational Concerns Impacting Sport and School Contexts, Thursday, April 10, 2008, 1:15 PM - 2:45 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall, Reseach Consortium Poster Sessions


How Sexism Affects Leave Intentions Among Coaches of Women's Teams

Thomas J. Aicher and Michael Sagas, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Since the passage of Title IX, there has been a steady decline of women head coaches in intercollegiate athletics. Previous research has indicated that perceived treatment and access discrimination may be a plausible cause of this decline (Cunningham & Sagas, 2003); however, research has not attempted to identify the antecedents of perceived discrimination. Previous research indicates that sexism levels are associated with hiring intentions, ascription of attributes to managers, and performance appraisals (Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, 1995). This study attempted to identify sexism as one possible antecedent of discrimination. A dyadic study between head and assistant collegiate coaches was utilized to determine the relationship between five constructs (hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, treatment discrimination, access discrimination, and intentions to leave the profession). The first study sampled 364 head coaches and the second study measured 163 assistant coaches, creating 71 complete dyads. Each of the measures was validated in previous research. Results indicated that men possessed higher levels of hostile (M = 2.02, SD = 1.02) and benevolent (M = 2.33, SD = 1.01) sexists beliefs than females (M = 2.00, SD = .97, M = 1.62, SD = 1.00). The difference for benevolent sexism was significant (F [1, 355] = 40.551, p < .01). Additionally, females coaches indicated significantly higher levels of perceived access discrimination ([1, 384] = 38.05, p < .01), treatment discrimination (F [1,384] = 7.353, p < .01) and intentions to leave (F [1, 384] = 13.146, p < .01) than their male counterparts. Results indicate that there is a correlation between benevolent sexism and access discrimination (r = .322, p < .001) within the coach dyads. Further, to support previous literature, this study found that 17% of the variance in intentions to leave the profession can be explained by perceived treatment and access discrimination. Though the results of this study show only one relationship between sexism and perceived discrimination, the results that sexism is present in intercollegiate athletics, and that females perceive higher levels of discrimination and intentions to leave the profession is an interesting finding. Sexism may have an effect on perceived discrimination; however, the relationship may be mediated through other variables such as group identity (Thomas & Alderfer, 1989) or organizational citizenship behavior (Gutek, Cohen, & Tsui 1996). Ultimately, this study has indicated that sexist beliefs are present in intercollegiate athletics and has negative implications that should be further researched.
Keyword(s): coaching, gender issues, sport management

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