After defining the construct and designing the preliminary items, the next stage of instrument development involves pilot data collection. Two primary goals of this stage are (a) to refine the administration procedures and collect data to make decisions of item modification, retention, addition, or elimination, and (b) to explore the factor structure of the construct and evaluate how well each item is measuring the construct. In describing these goals of pilot data collection, emphasis will be placed on concerns such as: the administration environment and instructions; consideration of the target population; clues from descriptive statistics; interpretation of exploratory factor analysis results; and item modification, retention, addition, and elimination decisions. Real research examples will be presented throughout.Keyword(s): . NA