Scheduled for Research Consortium Psychology and Sociocultural Poster Session, Wednesday, April 26, 2006, 1:45 PM - 3:15 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Social Physique Anxiety and Collegiate Cheerleaders

Diana Avans, Vanguard University, Costa Mesa, CA

Cheerleading has become increasingly about competition, athleticism, and performance. Questions have been raised about the changes in cheerleading including concerns of eating disorders and body image issues. This study explored whether cheerleaders experienced high levels of social physique anxiety. One hundred eighty nine male (N=73) and female (N=116) collegiate cheerleaders competing at the UCA National Championships completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale questionnaire developed by Hart, et. al.(1989). The SPAS is a two factor scale; factor 1 representing how comfortable one is presenting their physique and factor 2, representing expectations of negative evaluations of one's physique by others. The higher the factor 1 score indicates lower SPA and the higher the factor 2 score indicates greater SPA. An overall SPA score had a possible range from 12-60, midpoint of 36. The results were SPA scores of M= 33.7(5.2) for men and 37.2(4.5) for women. There was a significant difference based on gender (t=-4.73, p< .000). Men were slightly below a midpoint(average) score and the women were slightly above. For factor 1, the possible range of scores were 5-25, midpoint = 15. The men scored M= 14.5(2.3) and M= 15.9(1.9) for women. There was a significant difference by gender (p<.000) with women feeling more comfortable presenting their physique. For factor 2, the range of scores was 7-35, midpoint = 22. The men scored M= 19.3(3.9) and M= 21.4(3.5) for women. There was a significant difference by gender (p<.000) with women experiencing more anxiety over negative evaluation. Previous research using SPAS have resulted in scores of 33.8(9.9) in competitive swimmers; 38.6(9.1) in ice skaters; elite divers, 30.8; female cheerleaders, 33; general athletes, 37.7, and non-athletes, 39.3 (Hurst, et.al, 2000; Reel and Gill, 1996; 2001). The results from this study indicated that cheerleaders are within an average range and similar to other athletes. The scores for men and women on factor 1 revealed less anxiety over their internal perceptions of their physique versus factor 2 where scores revealed slightly more anxiety over anticipating negative evaluation from others. This can be a positive sign when considering how negative internal perceptions can be a trigger for eating disorders, but also indicates an above average awareness of how other people may evaluate them. The scores are not overly high and may indicate a general acceptance of one's body and confidence in self-presentation, but caution should be taken because the overall scores have risen from previous years.
Keyword(s): college level issues, student issues

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