Background/Purpose Falls are the leading causes of serious injuries, leading to limited functioning, depression, and increased mortality rates among older adults (CDC, 2006). Although physical activity can be an effective way to prevent falls, only 22% of people over 65 years participate in regular physical activity (FIFARS, 2008). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the most important predictors of physical activity and falls risks among ethnically, educationally, and economically diverse older adults using the mediating variables of the transtheoretical model.
Method Standardized, self-report scales were used to assess via interviews the processes of change, self-efficacy, perceived pros and cons, physical activity, and falls risks among 172 older adults (Mean age = 71.91 years, women = 70.3%, Whites = 52.9%, Blacks = 44.8%) within 11 community centers (e.g., retirement centers) in a Southeastern state.
Analysis/Results Two stepwise, multiple regressions were used to determine the most important predictors of physical activity and falls risks, respectively. Based on the first regression, self-efficacy was the only predictor of physical activity (R2 = 13.5%, β = .37, p < .001). In the second regression, the most important predictors of falls risks were physical activity (R2Δ = 18.4%, β = -.43, p < .001), the behavioral processes of change (R2Δ = 4.8%, β = -.22, p = .001), and self-efficacy (R2Δ = 2%, β = -.16, p = .04).
Conclusions Health promoters can provide falls prevention programs by promoting physical activity through positive activity experiences, and reinforcing social support and increased exercise confidence.