Scheduled for Research Consortium Poster Session: Thematic Motor Behavior and Special Populations Posters, Friday, March 16, 2007, 1:15 PM - 2:45 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


A Documentary Analysis of Research Using Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity

Ying Qi and Jiabei Zhang, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI

Single subject experimental design (SSED) is used for documenting the effects of an independent variable on dependent variables performed by a person or a small group through repeated measurements. The major advantage of using SSED is to reveal the individual differences that are resulted from the manipulation of an intervention in an educational or clinic setting. This should attract more researchers to use this design to study individuals with disabilities because of difficulty in recruiting these persons as participants. As a matter of fact, the increase of research using SSED has been found over past 37 years in adapted publication (Zhang, deLisle, & Chen, 2006). However, no documentary analyses focusing on investigations using SSED have been found in adapted research. The purpose of this study was to documentarily analyze research using SSED in adapted physical activity. All the articles using SSED on the Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly were the data source. These articles retrieved were coded into a coding variable in each of the six categories: (a) small (N <10) or large (N≥10) in the category of sample size; (b) children (age <18 yrs) or adult (age≥18 yrs) in the age; (c) learning/behavior impairments (e.g., autism) or physical/health impairments (e.g., deaf) in the disability; (d) visual inspection with descriptive statistics (e.g., %) or visual inspection with inferential statistics (e.g., U test) in the analysis; (e) reversal design (e.g., ABAB), multiple baseline design (e.g., across participants), or other (e.g., alternate treatments) in the type of design; and (f) inclusion (e.g., integration settings), therapy (e.g., control stereotypic behaviors), strategy (e.g., the time delay procedure), consequence (e.g., effect of reinforcers), or assistance (e.g., effect of prompts) in the focus of study. Percentages were used to compute interrater reliabilities for retrieving and coding articles and to depict the proportion of a coding variable in its category. A total of 21 articles using SSED were retrieved. A mean reliability coefficient of 96% was found. Most studies among all the articles retrieved had small sample size (91%), focused on children (66.6%) and learning/behavior impairments (95.2%), used visual inspection with descriptive statistics (85.7%) in data analysis, and employed multiple baseline design (52.4%) to control external threats. These articles placed their focuses on strategy with 28.6%, consequence with 23.8%, inclusion with 19%, therapy with 19%, and assistance with 9.5%. These findings describe an overall profile of research using SSED in adapted publication.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity

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