The purpose of this study was to examine concurrently the leadership behaviors of coaches and peer leaders in high school basketball. Participants were 176 athletes from 8 basketball teams in Taiwan. Coach behaviors were measured using the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS). Similarly, peer leader behaviors were conducted using a modified version of the LSS. A repeated measures MANOVA showed that coaches and peer leaders revealed different leadership behaviors. Follow-up post-hoc ANOVAs exhibited significant differences between coaches and peer leaders in the use of each of the five behaviors measured by the LSS. Coaches were perceived as exhibiting training and instruction and autocratic behaviors to a greater extent than peer leaders. On the other hand, peer leaders showed more social support and positive feedback than coaches. As for the nature of peer leadership, the results showed that both captains and other team members served as peer leaders. It was concluded that coaches and peer leaders show different types of leadership behaviors. Also, athletes revealed that peer leaders are composed of both team captains and fellow teammates.Keyword(s): coaching, leadership development