Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that is serious yet preventable. It is a major public health problem that currently affects 10 million Americans, 80% of whom are women. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of osteoporosis, as well as the attitudes and behaviors related to osteoporosis and its prevention in two groups of women: senior citizens and college students. Survey research methods were used for data collection. A total of 45 surveys were collected. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 85 years (mean = 50.5 years). Surveys were numerically coded and statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. To determine whether statistically significant differences existed between the two groups, independent t-tests were calculated. Descriptive statistics were also calculated. Mean scores on the knowledge subscale revealed that the respondents averaged 52% correct responses. It should be noted, however, that the senior group was more knowledgeable about symptoms of osteoporosis and calcium intake. On the other hand, the students were more knowledgeable about the population at greatest risk for developing osteoporosis or an osteoporosis-related fracture. The 10-item attitude subscale was developed in a Likert-scale format to assess the participant’s attitudes toward osteoporosis and its prevention. A significant difference between groups was found for only one statement regarding ability to successfully participate in a regular exercise program. Despite the positive attitude a majority of the students had regarding their ability to successfully participate in a regular exercise program, only 35% of the students exercise regularly compared with 50% of the seniors. The findings in this study indicate that women are in need of basic information regarding osteoporosis. It is crucial that women be provided with adequate knowledge related to osteoporosis risk factors and prevention strategies to decrease the likelihood of developing this disease. Education programs should provide more information regarding calcium intake, use of calcium supplements, exercise activity and hormone therapy usage. The results of this study found more women in the senior group participating in osteoporosis preventive behaviors even though they were not as concerned about receiving a diagnosis of osteoporosis as the student group. The perceived susceptibility and severity of osteoporosis for the respondents should be further investigated. Future research needs to investigate health beliefs and behaviors as they relate to osteoporosis and its prevention.