Developing physical competence and gaining acceptance are
primary reasons for youth sport participation (Weiss & Ferrer-Caja, in
press). To more effectively promote positive youth sport experiences, the
personal meaning young athletes give to physical competence and social
belonging (i.e., motivational orientations), and the self-perceptions
they have regarding ability and belonging need to be considered (see, Allen
2001a; Maehr & Nicholls, 1980; Nicholls, 1989). The interaction between
motivational orientations such as physical-related (task and ego) and
social-related (affiliation and validation) orientations and self-perceptions
are thought to explain why some individuals are more effortful and satisfied
than others. The majority of research involving motivational orientations has
focused on physical-related orientations (see Duda & Hall, 2001), while
little has considered the relationship between social-related orientations and
motivated-related outcomes (Allen, 2001a), or the moderating role of self-perceptions
in the relationship between orientations and motivated-related outcomes (Cury
et al., 1997; Sarrazin et al., 1999; Williams & Gill, 1995). The purpose of
this study was to examine the 1) relationships among motivational orientations
(physical and social), perceived effort, and sources of satisfaction and 2)
moderating role of self-perceptions between motivational orientations and (a)
perceived effort and (b) sources of satisfaction. High school team sport
athletes (M=16.48 yrs; SD=1.17) completed sport-specific measures
assessing motivational orientations (TEOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1992; Social
Motivational Orientations Scale for Sport, Allen, 2001b), perceived competence
(PSPP; Harter, 1985), perceived belonging (modified Psychological Sense of School
Membership; Goodenow, 1993), perceived motivated behavior (modified Perceived
Effort Questionnaire; Williams & Gill, 1995), and sources of satisfaction
(modified from Lochbaum & Roberts,1993). The results of a multivariate
multiple regression analysis (Rc2=.49, Wilks’ L=.24, F(24, 765.21)=15.92,
p<.05) indicated that athletes higher in social and task orientations
feel more satisfied when they interact with others, receive recognition, and
attain personal standards than those lower in social and task orientations.
Additionally, athletes higher in task and social affiliation and lower in ego
and social validation orientation perceive themselves as more effortful, feel
more satisfied when they attain personal standards, and are less satisfied when
they out-perform others than athletes lower in task and social affiliation and
higher ego and social validation orientations (Rc2=.34,
Wilks’ L=.48, F(15, 607.72)=12.27,
p<.05). Contrary to predictions, the results of the hierarchical
multiple regressions failed to support the moderating role of self-perceptions.
The findings indicate that knowledge of the personal meaning athletes hold for
competence and belonging can provide a greater understanding of their sport
experience.