Mental Retardation (MR) may cause many cognitive and functional limitations in daily vital communication, physical and social skills. These multiple limitations have negative effects on muscular endurance, education, life expectancy and social skills with family and peers (Krebs, 2000; Pitetti et. al., 2001). Research show that Mentally Retarded individuals have low physical fitness levels as well as low cardiovascular fitness compared to their non-disabled peers (Chaiwanichsiri et. al., 2000; Fernhall et. al., 1996; Kenneth, 1989 ; Otman et. al, 1989). Although there have been studies about the comparison of the physical fitness levels of mentally retarded and non-disabled individuals in the literature, there had been no research especially for mentally retarded and non-disabled women. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to compare the physical fitness levels of mentally retarded and non-disabled women in Turkey. Thirty-one educable mentally retarded women from the Ankara and Eskisehir Rehabilitation Centers and thirty-one non-disabled women participated as a control group in this study. The mean age of the women was 22.22±3.11 years in the mentally retarded group (n=31) and 23.16±3.12 years in the non-disabled group (n=31). The study included evaluation of tests measuring body composition, static balance, cardiovascular endurance with 6 minutes walking test, cardiovascular risk factor by the blood and lipid samples. In addition, muscular endurance was measured by push-ups and sit-up tests. Flexibility was measured via sit-reach, shoulder flexibility, body hyperextension and lateral flexion. Finally, power was measured via board jump test. A t- test was used to compare the two groups. Test results indicated that there were significant differences in the control group (p<0.05) in body mass index, strength, endurance of muscles, maximum walking distance, Max VO2, balance test, body lateral flexion, hyperextension flexibility, and power test. The results of the study show that fitness levels of the mentally retarded women are lower compared to their non-disabled peers. Therefore, women with MR should encourage to participate appropriate exercise programs to have a better physical fitness. This study has several limitations, including the characteristics of the participants, tests, and the measurements that were applied. Further studies should address the same issues in different ages, participants, and settings about women with MR.