The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of mirrors in dance instruction on the body image and locus of control of women college students. Eight women enrolled in a beginning ballet class were taught using mirrors and a group of 13 women enrolled in a beginning ballet class were taught without mirrors. All students completed the Cash 69-item Body Self-Relations Questionnaire and the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale during the first and last classes of a 14-week semester. Both classes were taught by the same instructor. Two (mirror, non-mirror) by two (pretest, posttest) repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess the effects of the mirror condition upon the body image and locus of control of the women dancers. There was a statistically significant (p < .05) experimental condition by time interaction for body-areas satisfaction. Body-areas satisfaction increased for the non-mirror class yet decreased for the class taught with mirrors. In addition, there was a nonsignificant trend (p = .09) for the experimental condition by self-classified weight interaction. There was a larger decrease in self-classified weight for the mirror class than for the non-mirror class. Paired t-tests revealed that for the mirror class there were statistically significant increases in mean scores from pretest to posttest for illness orientation and locus of control (increase in externality) and a significant decrease in self-classified weight; there also were non-significant trends for increases in appearance evaluation (p = .06) and fitness orientation (p = .06). For the non-mirror class, there were significant increases in appearance orientation, health evaluation, and locus of control. To explore relations between locus of control and body image, correlation coefficients were calculated between locus of control and the body image scales at pre-test and post-test for each class separately. Further exploration of variables which allow for the most effective learning environments for the study of dance will only enhance the effectiveness of training in the profession with the ultimate goal to improve dancers’ health, well-being and performance.