Numerous publications highlight the influence of observational learning or modeling on skill acquisition, psychological behaviors, and behavior change in physical activity contexts (McCullagh, 1993; McCullagh & Weiss, 2001; McCullagh, Weiss, & Ross, 1989; Weiss, Ebbeck, & Wiese-Bjornstal, 1993; Williams, Davids, & Williams, 1999). In this presentation theoretical approaches and research on modeling will be reviewed to demonstrate its effectiveness as a viable psychological method for modifying thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a variety of physical activity contexts. Specifically, research on modeling as a specific practice or learning condition in sport, exercise and rehabilitation settings will be reviewed. In addition, modeling will be compared with other psychological practice conditions to determine its effectiveness in skill acquisition and the modification of psychological behaviors.