Scheduled for Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Free Communications, Friday, April 12, 2002, 2:30 PM - 3:45 PM, San Diego Convention Center: Room 7A


Stretching Duration and Frequency Impact on Hamstring Flexibility of Dancers

Michael Bird, Natalie Zivnuska, Nicole Flickinger, Emily McCluhan and Kim Cain, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO

Flexibility is an important component of many individuals' fitness programs. For active people, high levels of flexibility are essential in order for optimal performance. For a dancer to perform many kinds of jumps and movements in her or his daily routine, high levels of flexibility are required, and stretching is customary. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a stretching routine on hamstring flexibility between dancers and a generally active group. Eighty-one subjects (mean age of 19.0 ± 1.7 years), 8 males and 73 females, participated in the study. The dance group (n=38) had an average 11.1± 4.9 years of experience and typically practiced about three days per week. The active group was comprised of health and exercise science students (n=43) who exercised about five days per week. All subjects stretched as part of their training before participation in the study. A standard sit-and-reach pre-test was administered to both groups in order to assess hamstring flexibility. Each subject completed four trials, with the highest score being used in the statistical evaluations. Both groups then performed a stretching routine of twelve static stretches emphasizing hamstring flexibility four days a week for four weeks. Each stretch was held for a timed 30 seconds. The subjects were shown the correct procedure for each stretch. To regulate the experiment, investigators met with the subjects during two of the four sessions each week to guide the stretching routine. Each subject was required to complete the final two days of stretching on her or his own, and to maintain a stretching log. After the four-week period, a post sit-and-reach test was again administered to assess hamstring flexibility. The dancers were significantly (p< 0.05) more flexible in the pre-test than the non-dancers. The dancers and non-dancers were not significantly different in the post-test, but there was a significant (p< 0.05) interaction between group and test. The dancers seemed to experience a ceiling effect in which limited improvements were made in hamstring flexibility. Regular stretching routines used to improve flexibility in general or active populations may not be adequate for improving those already possessing good flexibility. In order to increase flexibility in dancers and others with high levels, a more vigorous stretching regimen with longer duration and increased frequency and repetitions might be required.
Keyword(s): dance education, exercise/fitness, research

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