Understanding human behavior is one of the ultimate goals for movement sciences. Researchers have added depth of knowledge to better understand human behavior by examining a specific domain of studies. However, investigating a single domain would not be able to reveal the true understanding of human behavior because of its nature of complexity and multidimensionality. In order to improve our understanding on human behavior, not only do researchers improve in-depth knowledge in specific domain but also understand the interrelationships between different domains are critical. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of health-related fitness and gross motor skill development of children. Participants included 144 children 8 to 10 years of age (72 male and 72 female). Physical fitness was measured by FitnessGram (Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, 1999). The items are included (a) pacer test, (b) BMI, (c) trunk lift, (d) curl ups, and (e) push ups. Gross motor skill development was measured by employing the second edition of Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD, Ulrich 2000). Locomotor skill subtest included: (a) running, (b) galloping, (c) standing long jump, (d) hoping, (e) leaping, and (f) sliding. Object control skills were assessed from (a) striking, (b) dribbling, (c) catching, (d) kicking, (e) throwing, and (f) rolling. A canonical correlation was employed to examine the relationship between fitness and motor skills. All five measurements of physical fitness were used to comprise the fitness variable set. A composite of the locomotor and object control skills comprised the motor skills variable set. The canonical correlation between the first set of canonical variates was Rc=.50 with Wilk's l=.69, p <.01, and the canonical correlation between the second set of canonical variates was Rc=.30 with Wilk's l=.91, p <.05. All items of the structure coefficients in FitnessGram loaded greater than .30 on one of canonical functions in health related physical fitness. The composition scores of the structure coefficients in TGMD loaded greater than .30 on both of canonical functions. Based on these results, there are associations between health-related physical fitness and motor skills development in children. In addition to this conclusion, the results of this study indicated that health related physical fitness as well as gross motor development are well captured in FitnessGram and composition scores of TGMD.Keyword(s): elementary education, exercise/fitness, research