Background/Purpose This study assessed content and construct-relevance (Messick, 1995) of the Principals' Attitude toward Physical Education (PAPE) survey. The PAPE was developed according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPb) (Ajzen, 2001).
Method Eight experts in Kinesiology reviewed a 47-item survey for content relevance and theoretical appropriateness. Substantive aspect (Messick, 1995) was achieved by applying the TPb model. Structural aspect appraises the fidelity of the scoring structure to the structure of the content domain by using the correlation coefficients among theoretical components. Generalizability represents coverage of the constructs to principals. Seventy-seven of 150 (51%) middle school and high school principals in California completed the PAPE using Survey Monkey. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the principals' responses.
Analysis/Results Coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1951) of the PAPE for beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intentions was .82, .88, .41, .78, .63, and .81 respectively. Principal Components Analysis, Quartimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization, was used to assess the validity of the PAPE constructs. Factors were retained having Eigenvalues over 1.0 with the cumulative variance accounted for ranging from 44% to 80%. Among the seven constructs of the PAPE, one factor was evident for attitude (80%), subjective norms (59%), perceived behavior control (44%) and intention (71%); two factors were evident apparent for behavioral beliefs (56%), normative beliefs (63%); and, three factors for control beliefs (62%).
Conclusions The PAPE has content and construct relevance to measure intentions of middle and high school principals toward physical education.
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