Exercise Regulation of Jazzercise Participants

It has been well documented that regular physical activity participation is associated with positive physical and psychological health (Bauman, 2004; Blair et al., 1995). Studies have demonstrated a decrease in mortality and morbidity for those adults who participated in regular physical activity (Blair et al., 1989). Despite these benefits, 50% of those who enroll in physical activity programs drop out after the first 6 months (Dishman, 1994). It appears that programs which incorporate certain determinants of physical activity such as peer leaders, social support, appropriate activity level and enjoyable activities lead to higher adherence levels. Jazzercise is one particular exercise program which has been successful over the past 40 years in attracting individuals to participate in these classes. The focus of these classes was to present enjoyable, challenging exercise routines taught to contemporary music. Instructors do not critique form or steps and use a room without mirrors to lessen student's potential discomfort. The classes are taught by certified instructors and are available in all 50 states, Japan, Latin America and Europe. Because of the success of this program, the researchers wanted to examine a group of participants to examine motives to participation and perceived benefits of participation.

In a cross-sectional study approved by the institution's IRB, 90 women participating in local Jazzercise classes completed questionnaires assessing their level of participation, perceived health status, motivation for participation, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire revised (BREQ-2; Markland & Tobin, 2004), perceived benefits and general demographics. The women ranged in age from 22-70 years old (Mean 49.27 + 10.23 years), most were highly educated (67% with education beyond high school), and most reported very good or excellent health (76.9%). In addition, over 50% of the women surveyed participated in Jazzercise for more than 6 years. ANOVA found no age group differences between those <50 years and those >50 years in any of the exercise regulation subscales (external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic regulation, and amotivation).However there was a significant inverse relationship between years of participation and external regulation (p<0.001) and direct relationship between participation years and intrinsic motivation (p<0.001).The results suggest that as participation increased, external regulation (often guided by rewards and constraints) decreased while intrinsic motivation (striving to be competent in mastering a new skill while experiencing enjoyment) increased. Practical implications may include the promotion and adaptation of such classes to various populations such as youth, older adults and males.