Biomechanical Benefits of Tai Chi Exercise

Falls and related injury among older adults are a serious public health problem leading to widespread loss of independence, increases in the chronic disease mortality rate, and the need for costly long-term care. Approximately 35% to 40% of community-dwelling elderly 65 or older fall annually (1). Approximately 5% to 15% of these falls result in serious injury requiring hospitalization (1). Exercise has been a key feature in reducing the risks for falls and related injuries. Tai Chi has become a popular choice of exercise among certain populations. The American Geriatrics Society, the British Geriatrics Society, and the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons has suggested that Tai Chi "... is a promising type of exercise, although it requires further evaluation before it can be recommended as the preferred balance training" (1). Based on this recommendation, we conducted a study to exam the effects of a 24-week Tai Chi intervention on physical function in individuals with peripheral neuropathy. Twenty-five women and men with peripheral neuropathy were recruited. Plantar pressure detection threshold was assessed with a 5.07 gauge monofilament. Functional gait was assessed by the 6-minute walk and timed up-and-go tests. Isokinetic leg strength and standing balance was also assessed. Twenty-four consecutive weeks of modified, group-based Tai Chi practice was completed, with testing repeated every six weeks throughout. No adverse events were observed and attendance was 17 ± 4 sessions per 6-weeks. After 6-weeks of Tai Chi, participants increased 6-minute walk (p < .0001), timed up-and-go (p < .0001), and leg strength (p < .01) performance. Continued improvement was observed in the timed up-and-go. Plantar sensation improved (p = .003) following the Tai Chi intervention. Group-based Tai Chi is a safe, plausible, and effective intervention for those with PN. Reference: 1. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr SM: 2001;49:664-672.