Scheduled for Research Consortium Free Communication: Higher Education Issues in Sports Administration and Management, Friday, March 16, 2007, 4:00 PM - 5:15 PM, Convention Center: 328


Identifying Barriers and Supports to Sport Management Study Abroad

Greg Jones and George B. Cunningham, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

As North American and international sports continue to gain popularity globally, it is important to discover sport management students' interest and intent to studying abroad in sport, and what factors influence that decision. Research has discussed the benefits and the tools one receives from studying abroad. Additionally, previous research has attempted to discover career intentions using the social cognitive career theory (SCCT). SCCT focuses on the interaction of several factors which include personal behaviors such as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, choice goals, barriers, and supports. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and supports to studying abroad in sport from a qualitative approach. Qualitative data were collected from sport management undergraduate students from a southwestern Division I institution (n = 19). The questionnaire was developed to obtain an indication of factors that related to SCCT factors including self-efficacy, interest, supports, and barriers. After receiving the completed questionnaires, data analysis was conducted. Two analysts met independently to code the data into themes. The analysts then met with one another to compare their findings. When differences emerged, the analysts discussed their reasoning until agreement was reached. Each questionnaire was coded and similar responses were broken down into specific categories. Barriers and supports were listed and broken down into like categories. Additionally, percentages were calculated for each category developed. Statistical analysis on demographic variables, which included age, gender, race, and classification were administered. Several factors of support were discovered, including: “gain experience”, “further education”, “travel”, “learning outside of the classroom”, “increase job prospects”, and “affordability”. Several barriers were discovered, including: “language”, “cultural differences”, “apart from friends and family”, “job obligations”, and “affordability”. It is important to note that affordability can be seen both as a support or barrier depending on the availability of finances for the individual. According to previous research, barriers and supports can directly influence one's self-efficacy and indirectly influence one's interests (Bandura, 1999, 2000; Cunningham et al., 2005; Lent et al., 2003). Though previous literature does not address the specific barriers described in this study, sport management academia can use research pertaining to study abroad to help students overcome barriers. For example, as a result of participating in study abroad programs, students have shown increases in cultural awareness (Black & Duhon, 2006; Kitsantas, 2004; McCabe, 1994), independence (Black & Duhon, 2006; Hadis, 2005), and proficiency in other languages (Hadis, 2005).
Keyword(s): college level issues, multiculturalism/cultural diversity, sport management

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