Scheduled for Research Consortium Measurement, Exercise Physiology and Motor Behavior Poster Session, Friday, April 28, 2006, 8:45 AM - 10:15 AM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Effect of MAKOTO Training on Reaction Time, Interhemispheric Communication, and Physical Performance

Brian R. Bolt and Paul Moes, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI

This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of a multi-sensory motor training machine called MAKOTO upon reaction time, inter-hemispheric communication, and physical performance in college students. MAKOTO is a relatively new invention which advertises numerous performance and therapy benefits including reaction time, mental focus, and neurological development. The purpose of this study was to research some of these claims. The MAKOTO machine consists of three six-foot towers set in triangular positions eight feet apart. Each tower has three light targets which illuminate and sound a tone for a set length of time in random order. The participant's goal is to strike each target when illuminated. MAKOTO records the ratio of targets hit to targets missed and average response time. MAKOTO protocols are manipulated by altering the number of towers in play (one, two, or three), the speed (levels 0 through 10), the length of session (1 to 4 minutes), the game played (timed or sudden death), or the implement used (short wand, long wand, hands). Students from three college heath/fitness jogging classes were randomly assigned to three groups (N=33). The experimental group (n=11) used the MAKOTO for two training bouts per week for six weeks. Each training bout consisted of three different protocols lasting approximately eight minutes. When each participant's target accuracy reached 90 percent, the protocol speed (level) was raised by one. Two control groups spent equivalent time engaged in other activities. One control group (n=11) played a fine motor reaction time game called SIMON. The other control group (n=11) rode exercise bicycles. A pre-test/post-test design was used for all participants. Dependent measures included a computer based color matching task, a finger-tapping task, a vertical leap test, and an agility run test. Pre-test/post-test comparisons revealed that the MAKOTO group improved significantly more than the control groups on grand mean reaction time for the color matching task. This reaction time improvement occurred without a significant difference in error rates between pre and post sessions or between sessions by group. Although the MAKOTO group also increased vertical leap performance by approximately one inch and the other groups showed a decrease in average performance, the difference was not statistically significant. All other comparisons for inter-hemispheric communication and physical performance were not significant. Reaction time results and vertical leap trends indicate promise for MAKOTO as a training and therapy modality, but much more research is needed.
Keyword(s): exercise/fitness, facilities/equipment, physical activity

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