Scheduled for Research Consortium Special Populations Poster Session, Friday, April 28, 2006, 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Gait and Movement Characteristics in Individuals With Visual Impairments

Christopher T. Ray, Vamc Rehab R&D Center, Decatur, GA and Michael Horvat, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

The purpose of this investigation was to assess movement capabilities in adults with visual impairments. From a review of the literature, it is evident that visual impairments affect movement. For example, movement differences are present when balance is a primary component of the task. In children, these difficulties may be due to developing movement patterns, muscle tone or maturational difficulties associated with the loss of vision. Difficulties with postural control and inadequate static balance have also been reported in older adults with visual impairments; were the loss of balance and mobility presents a barrier for independence. For this study thirty subjects were age and sex matched between individuals with visual impairment and sighted controls. All subjects were assessed on functional movement measures on a NeuroCom Equitest, including the Walk Across, Sit-To-Stand, and Forward Lunge. The NeuroCom Walk Across measured the participants Step width (SW) in cm, step length (SL) in cm, and step speed (SP) in cm/sec. Between group differences using a 2 X 3 MANOVA yielded significant differences between groups among all dependent variables, Hotellings' Trace = .49, (F(3, 26) = 4.52, p < .05). The Forward Lunge required the participant to step out as far as possible and then return to the neutral position. Results of the six trials were calculated for lunge distance (LD), impact index (II), contact time (CT), and force impulse (FI). Between group differences were analyzed using a 2X4 Group MANOVA. Significant group differences among the dependent variables (Hotelling's Trace = .64, F(4,25) = 3.52, p < .025). The NeuroCom Sit-To-Stand consisted of three trials. During each trial the participant was instructed to stand from a seated position and maintain that standing position for five seconds. Weight transfer (WT), rising index (RI), and sway velocity (SV) was measured during the STS movement. The results were analyzed using a 2 X 3 Group MANOVA, indicating no multivariate effect between groups. Based on the data analysis it was concluded that individuals with visual impairments tend to be more cautious in movements of their Center of Gravity and more conservative with their speed of movements than the sighted matches.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, assessment

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