Scheduled for Research Coordinating Board Poster Session II, Friday, April 28, 2006, 10:45 AM - 12:15 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area II


Spiritual Meaning and Its Relationship to Substance Use and Quality of Life in College Students

Ralph J. Wood, Keri Diez, PhD and Edward P. Hebert, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA

Background Significance: Researchers have shown considerable interest in spirituality. Relatively few studies have collected descriptive data on spiritual beliefs, or assessed the relationship between spirituality and health behaviors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between spirituality, demographic characteristics, and substance use. Sample: Data were collected from 611 undergraduate students at a university in the southern United States. Demographics of the sample approximated that of the university. Instrument: They completed Pargament's Spiritual Meaning Questionnaire (SMQ), a 20-item Likert-scaled instrument, the substance use items of the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, and three additional questions focusing on Global Assessment of Health. Spirituality items with the highest responses included, "My life is significant because I am part of God's plan," and “My relationship with God helps me find meaning in the ups and downs of life." Data Analysis and Results: A factor analysis of the SMQ yielded only one factor (Eigenvalue 12.84) accounting for 64% of the variance. A Spiritual Meaning Score (SMS) was calculated by averaging participants' responses to the 19 loading items. Comparisons of subgroup's SMS indicated a significant difference for gender, t (576) = 4.303, p < .001(females reporting significantly higher responses than males) and race, t( 551) = 6.119, p < .001 (black students' responses higher than white students). Pearson Product Moment correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between respondents' SMS and behaviors relative to smoking, alcohol, marijuana, and using alcohol in combination with an illegal drug (i.e., 1 = non-user, 2 = occasional, 3 = regular). All four correlations were significant (p < .01) and negative, ranging from -.218 to -.259). In addition, Pearson Product Moment correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between respondents' SMS and report of general health. A modest, but significant correlation (.121, p < .05) was found. Summary of Results: These results indicate college students' spiritual beliefs helped them find meaning in life and cope with difficulties, females and black students had stronger spiritual beliefs, and spiritual beliefs were negatively related to substance use. In addition, our data suggest Pargament's survey adequately assesses the "spiritual meaning" dimension of spirituality. Learner Objectives: At the conclusion of this presentation participants will be able to: 1) Identify the relationship between spirituality and substance use, 2) Identify the relationship between substance use and general self-report of health, 3) Assess the utility of Pargement's Spiritual Meaning Questionnaire.

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