Physical fitness is defined as a physical state of well-being that allows persons to perform daily activities with vigor. The primary components of physical fitness are cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, body composition, and the range of motion. Special needs for fitness training demonstrated by individuals with cognitive impairments should be examined for developing appropriate fitness training programs. The purpose of this investigation was conducted to analyze physical fitness performance of young adults with and without cognitive impairments. Participants were 75 young adults, including 34 people with mild cognitive impairments (14 females, 20 males; M of age = 21.79) and 41 without disabilities (23 females, 18 males; M of age = 21.88). They received measures on seven test-items selected based on Test-Item Selection Guide for Youngsters with Mental Retardation from The Brockport Physical Fitness Test Manual. These test-items are 20-m pacer (test-item 1; cardiovascular endurance), curl-ups and flexed arm hang (test-items 2 and 3; muscular strength and endurance), skinfolds of triceps and calf (test-items 4 and 5; body composition), and sit and reach with left or right leg straight (test-items 6 and 7; the range of motion). A simple multivariable analysis (MANOVA) was used to analyze the differences on physical fitness test-items between participants with and without cognitive impairments. The results of the MANOVA indicated a significant effect (Wilks? Lambda = .21, F[7, 67] = 37.19, p = .00) for groups between young adults with and without mild cognitive impairments. The follow-up tests indicated significant differences on the scores of 20-m pacer (F[1, 73] = 66.11, p = .00), arm hang (F[1, 73] = 25.37, p = .00), curl-ups (F[1, 73] = 174.64, p = .00), sit and reach with left leg straight (F[1, 73] = 5.11, p = .02, and sit and reach with right leg straight (F[1, 73] = 6.66, p = .01; however, no significant differences on the scores of triceps (F[1, 73] = .08, p = .77) and calf (F[1, 73] = 2.01, p = .16) between participants with and without cognitive impairments. These findings reveal that the major emphases of physical fitness programming for young adults with cognitive impairments should be placed on the three fitness components: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and range of motion. It should be noted that both males and females were included in each group since no significant effect was found for gender tested using a simple MANOVA. Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, adult fitness, research