The National Governing Body of USA Triathlon imposes a three-minute “time-out” in a penalty tent for elite racers who illegally draft during the bike portion of a triathlon. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a three-minute recovery period on 10-kilometer (km) treadmill running performance following a 30-minute stationary cycling bout at an exercise heart rate equivalent to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (V02max). Ten (n = 10) volunteer female subjects participated in the study. Each subject's V02max was measured on a stationary bike using an incremental protocol. Seven days following the maximal cycling test, subjects performed two bike/run (BR) trials separated by four to seven days. Each BR trial consisted of a 30-minute bike ride at an exercise heart rate equivalent to 80% of V02max followed by a 10-km treadmill run at 0% grade during which subjects adjusted the treadmill speed at will. Subjects performed in a random order a BR trial with a 45-second transition to change shoes (i.e., bike/run with no rest or BRNR) or a BR with a three-minute recovery period (i.e., bike/run with rest or BRR) between exercise bouts. A repeated measures analysis of variance design was used as a means of analyzing the effect of the rest interval on 10-km performance (10-km run time). A mixed models design showed that there was no significant difference (p < .05) between observed and target exercise heart rates at 80% of V02max during the bike portions of the trials (BRNR = 158 b•min-1 ± 0.05, BRR = 158 b•min-1 ± 0.04). The repeated measures ANOVA showed that 10-km performance was significantly effected (p < .05) by the three-minute recovery period. Subjects were significantly faster on the BRR trial (47.85 min ± 5.0) as compared to the BRNR trial (48.68 min ± 5.4). These data support the hypothesis that a short three-minute recovery period taken between a 30-minute bike bout performed at 80% of V02max and a 10-km treadmill run bout would improve performance in the 10-km treadmill run time. Keyword(s): athletics/sports, exercise/fitness, performance