Scheduled for Psychology Free Communications, Saturday, April 16, 2005, 7:30 AM - 8:30 AM, Convention Center: E271b


Burnout in Texas Division 4A and 5A High School Athletic Trainers From a Reversal Theory Perspective

Stephanie A. Jevas, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC

Burnout is defined as a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that may also include depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment (Maslach, 1996). Burnout can occur among individuals who work with people in some capacity, and therefore much of the literature has focused on individuals within human service professions. Athletic trainers in the high school setting may be particularly prone to burnout due to a unique set of stressors including a high athlete to athletic trainer ratio, number of hours worked, and pressure from clients (i.e., coaches, parents, athletes, administrators). The limited research on burnout in this profession has focused on such factors as role conflict and ambiguity, locus of control, hardiness, social support, and athletic training issues. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a particular metamotivational state profile, as measured by the Apter Motivational Style Profile (AMSP) (Apter, 1999), was related to burnout, as measured by the Burnout Measure (Pines & Aronson, 1988). The AMSP is based on the concepts of Reversal Theory, which is a general psychological theory that has been applied to various domains of human behavior and consists of eight metamotivational states that combine in various ways to determine one’s motives and experiences. Licensed Athletic Trainers employed full-time in Texas division 4A and 5A high schools (N=252) participated in the study which also included completion of demographic information and sources of stress utilizing an online survey protocol. Logistic regression analysis indicated that for each additional unit increase on the paratelic and conformist subscales of the AMSP, the potential for burnout decreased by 29.4% and 19%, respectively. For each unit increase on the autic/sympathy subscale, the potential for burnout increased by 20%. In regards to demographic variables, for each additional position or job change, the respondent was 1.5 times more likely to experience symptoms of burnout, and for each one year increase spent in the profession, the potential for burnout decreased by 7.5%. In general, athletic trainers who had worked longer in the profession, had fewer job changes, were higher on the paratelic and conformist subscales and lower on the autic/sympathy subscale were less likely to experience burnout. Stress from parents of athletes (r=.172; p=.006), the coaching staff (r=.209; p=.001), and administrators (r=.147; p=.020) resulted in significant positive correlations with burnout. Identifying metamotivational state profiles, demographic variables, and sources of stress may improve strategies to better recognize or prevent aspects of burnout and improve attrition in the athletic training profession.
Keyword(s): athletics/sports, research, wellness/disease prevention

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