Scheduled for Research Consortium Health and Special Populations Poster Session, Friday, April 15, 2005, 1:15 PM - 2:45 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Lower Body Median Frequency of the Root Mean Square EMG Analysis in Individuals With a Visual Impairment and Sighted Matches (Special Populations)

Christopher T. Ray, Vamc Rehab R&D Center, Decatur, GA, Michael Horvat, University of Georgia, Athens, GA and Ron Croce, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH

The purpose of this study was to identify the ability for visually impaired individuals to recruit muscle at different speeds, related to sighted matches. Fifteen individuals matched by sex, age, and height with a visual impairment and fifteen individuals without a visual impairment were tested on a Cybex Norm Isokinetic (CSMII, Norwood, MA) system. During Cybex testing EMG data was collected on the medial/lateral quadriceps and medial/lateral hamstring. Participants then were tested at angular velocities of 90, 180 and 300 deg/sec. These speeds reflect a continuum from strength to power to endurance. Participants performed a maximal effort for contraction of the quadriceps (knee extension) followed by a maximal effort of the hamstrings (knee flexion) for 6 continuous repetitions at 90 deg/sec, and 180 deg/sec, followed by 20 repetitions at 300 deg/sec. The EMG data was analyzed using a BioPac Acknowledge III software. The median frequency (MDF) of the root mean square (rmsEMG) as a measure of muscular activity and the wave form was normalized using a maximal voluntary contraction (Basmajin & DeLuca, 1985). Between group differences were analyzed using three separate 2 X 4 MANOVAS. Each MANOVA represented all four sites with the differences pertaining to the speed at which they were collected (90 deg/sec, 180 deg/sec, & 300 deg/sec). Means and standard deviations were calculated on all data. No significant differences were found between groups for the EMG among the dependent variables on any of the three speeds (p < .05). Even though no significant differences (p > .05) were indicated between groups, it is of interest to note that at 180 deg/sec. Hotelling’s Trace = .379 (F(4,25) = 4.00, p = .08) and the partial eta squared = .28 which indicates a large effect in muscle recruitment between visually impaired and sighted participants (Cohen, 1977; Huck, 2000). Ability to recruit muscle does not seem to contribute to mobility concerns in Visually Impaired individuals, however, in addition to there being a multivariate effect approaching signifigance, it is also important to note that on 9 out of the 12 measures of muscle recruitment, the sighted group was more efficient based on the mean values between groups. Future studies need to address components of force produced and motion analysis to determine where improvements can be made to aleviate the mobility concerns within the population.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, research

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