Scheduled for Research Consortium Leisure & Recreation and Sport Management & Administration Poster Session, Thursday, April 14, 2005, 3:45 PM - 5:15 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Gender Differences in Sport Consumer Behavior Among Spectators at Major League Baseball Games (Sport Management)

Dean F. Anderson, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, Galen T. Trail, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL and Matthew Robinson, University of Delaware, Newark, DE

Demographic research shows that the percentage of female spectators for many sports is growing. Some experts suggest that, as fans, females differ from males. However, recent research has shown mixed results. If such differences do in fact exist for a specific group of sport consumers, then it is critical to identify them in order to develop more effective marketing schemes. This investigation examined gender differences in sport consumer behavior among spectators at two Major League Baseball games. The home teams included a National League team (166) still in the playoff race and an American League team (179) with a losing season. Data were collected from 345(male: 253, female: 92) spectators. Survey instruments were passed out to a convenient sample of spectators before the game. Ninety-three percent of the respondents self-identified as Caucasian and 3% were African American. Except for gender, variables were measured with items utilizing a seven point Lickert-type scale. The subscales included identification with team (3 items), past merchandise consumption (3 items), print media consumption (3 items), television consumption (3 items), and the wearing behavior of team apparel (3 items). Single item variables included asking how many home games they attended last year, attended this year, and planned to attend next year. Alpha coefficients ranged from .83 to .90. MANCOVA results showed that the combined dependent variables were significantly related to the covariate of team identification (F=45.5, p<.000, Eta squared=0.49). After controlling for level of team identification the effect of gender was significant (F=6.79, p<.00; Eta squared=0.12)while the effect of home team and interaction were not significant. Although univariate results were significant for six of the seven dependent variables examined, variance explained was small, less than 3%. Results indicated these female spectators were more likely to have purchased team apparel in the past and were more likely watch their team on television than male respondents. They also indicated that they had attended more games last year and this year and planned on attending more games next year than male respondents. Male spectators were more likely to read about the team than female spectators. No gender differences were found for the wearing of team apparel
Keyword(s): gender issues, sport management

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