Scheduled for Sociocultural I Free Communications, Thursday, April 14, 2005, 7:30 AM - 8:30 AM, Convention Center: E270


Absence of Power: The Lack of Female Leadership in Contemporary Sport Films

Demetrius W. Pearson, University of Houston, Houston, TX

Women are participating in sport far more than in the past (Acosta & Carpenter, 2002; Priest & Summerfield, 1995). The literature suggests that several factors may account for the rise in female sport involvement: societal attitudes, the Women’s Movement, Title IX, and increased opportunities (Coakley, 2004). Yet, few sport films have depicted the female athlete as exuding power, leadership, or administrative decision making skills worthy of emulation. This study examined the American film industry’s images and depictions of female sport figures during and after the passing of Title IX legislation. Content analysis and archival research methodologies were employed to study this socio-cultural phenomenon. A systematic examination, which included meticulous coding and analyzing of all American sport films and critical reviews highlighting sport heroines from 1972-2003 (N=26), was conducted. Results suggest that a continual decline in the depiction of sport heroines has occurred during the designated time parameters. Additionally, with few exceptions, the majority of films depicting female sport figures have been a) comedic in nature, b) devoid of athletically self-confident heroines, c) subject to trivialization when positions of power were assumed, and d) lacking biographic portrayals ("biopics"). Interestingly, similar trends were noted in a study that analyzed the print and broadcast medias (Eastman & Billings, 2000). If these are the only images of female sport figures conveyed through the medium of film the researcher would be remiss if he did not raise the question: Why? Since there have been many instances and examples of sport heroines exhibiting leadership and administrative decision making skills in sport settings it is perplexing as to why this perceived bias continues.
Keyword(s): gender issues, leadership development, research

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