Scheduled for Research Consortium Health and Special Populations Poster Session, Friday, April 15, 2005, 1:15 PM - 2:45 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Comparison of Isokinetic Peak Force and Work Parameters in Adults With Partial Vision and Total Blindness (Special Populations)

Michael Horvat, University of Georgia, Athens, GA and Christopher T. Ray, Vamc Rehab R&D Center, Decatur, GA

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the isokinetic strength characteristics of individuals with partial vision and individuals that are totally blind. Ten individuals that are legally blind, however still having some residual vision and ten individuals that are totally blind were measured using a Cybex Isokinetic dynamometer at speeds of 90, 180 and 300 deg/sec. Subjects performed a max-effort knee extension followed by a max-effort knee flexion throughout a full range of motion. This procedure was repeated for six continuous extension-flexion repetitions at 90 and 180 deg/sec and 20 repetitions at 300 deg/sec. No rest was allowed between the extension- flexion repetitions, although between each set the participants were allowed to fully recover. Peak values were identified as the highest recorded value among the total repetitions. The main outcome measures were peak torque normalized by body weight; power adjusted by body weight; and total work adjusted by body weight. Data was analyzed by using separate 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (group x gender x muscle x velocity) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Separate ANOVAs were performed because of the relatively low number of subjects used in the investigation. Results demonstrated significant group, velocity and muscle main effects; partially sighted individuals had significantly greater values for peak torque and power and total work than individuals with total blindness. In conclusion, it appears that individuals that are totally blind are deficient in strength, power, and endurance compared to partially sighted individuals. This study indicates the need for developing programs to enhance muscular strength characteristics for individuals with total blindness and finding ways to incorporate and identify barriers to participation for individuals without the use of sight into physical activity programs.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, older adult/aging issues, research

Back to the 2005 AAHPERD National Convention and Exposition