Scheduled for Research Consortium Health and Special Populations Poster Session, Friday, April 15, 2005, 1:15 PM - 2:45 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Area I


Effects of Progressive Time Delay Method on Teaching Basic Progression Swimming Skills for Children With Autism (Special Populations)

Ilker Yilmaz1, Bunyamin Birkan1, Ferman Konukman2 and Bulent Agbuga3, (1)Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, (2)Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey, (3)Texas A&M University–College Station, College Station, TX

Autism is a developmental disability that affects children’s behavior with a ritualistic and compulsive way. Literature states that children with autism have poor motor skills compared to their non-disabled peers. The effects of swimming and aquatic exercises on physical fitness and well being have been recognized for people with disabilities (Lepore, 2000). In addition, research shows that children with autism have positive experiences and behaviors in aquatic exercises (Killian et al., 1984). Literature shows that progressive time delay procedure was an effective way of teaching single and chain behaviors for individuals with autism, mental retardation and developmental disorders (Ault, Wolery, Doyle, & Gast, 1989; Tekin & Kircali-Ýftar, 2001). Although there have been studies about the effects of progressive time delay method in the literature, there had been no research especially for the effects of this procedure on swimming skills of children with autism. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects progressive time delay method on teaching basic progression swimming skills for children with autism. The experimental design of this study was multiple baselines across subjects. Participants were three male children with autism, ages 9 years. Data were collected over the course of 4-weeks, with sessions two times a week. Basic progression swimming skills were taught to each subject. The generalization effects were tested via generalization across settings with pretest-post test design. Generalization sessions were conducted immediately after the last probe session. Maintenance sessions were conducted two and four weeks after the instruction terminated. The results of the study were analyzed via graphic illustrations. The findings of this study indicated that progressive time delay method was an effective instructional procedure on teaching basic progression swimming skills to children with autism. Moreover, it is also evident that this procedure was effective on generalization across settings and maintenance. However, this study has limitations such as characteristics of participants, tests, and measurements that were applied. Therefore, further investigations should emphasize the effects of progressive time delay procedure on different sport skills and participants.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, aquatics

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