Scheduled for Sport Management, Psychology, and Leisure & Recreation Posters, Thursday, April 1, 2004, 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall Poster Session


A Content Analysis of the Americans With Disabilities Act in Sport Law Texts

John M. Grady and Damon P.S. Andrew, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has gained prominence as a frequently covered content area in many sport law courses. This trend is evidenced by coverage of ADA and the broader concept of disability issues in sport in leading sport law textbooks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several leading sport law textbooks in order to determine the prominent approaches to covering the ADA. The researchers analyzed the perspectives that were being used to address the ADA, including the participant, spectator, and employee. Furthermore, the researchers outlined components of the ADA that would be most applicable to health, physical education, and recreation professionals. Content analysis is a method of studying and analyzing communications in a systemic, objective, and quantitative manner to measure variables (Kerlinger, 1973). Content analyses have been utilized in sport management research to study such topics as introductory sport management classes (Li & Cotton, 1996), sport law and risk management course content (Young, 2001), and published articles in sport economics (Mondello & Pederson, 2003). The content variables analyzed for this study include Titles I, II, and III of the ADA, Disability legislation enacted prior to the ADA, Athlete Participation at the interscholastic, collegiate, and professional levels, Spectator/Facility Accessibility, and Employment Issues. The following textbooks were analyzed: Anderson (1999); Champion (2000); Clement (1998); Cotten, Wolohan, & Wilde (2001); Dougherty, Goldberger, & Carpenter (2002); Epstein (2002); Hronek & Spengler (2002); Hylton & Anderson (1999); Jones (1999); Wong (2002); and Yasser, McCurdy, Goplerud, & Weston (2000). The results showed that Title I (addressing employment discrimination), Title II (applicable to state and local governments), and Title III (applicable to private places of public accommodation) were most frequently covered. From the participant’s perspective, eligibility and rule modification were most often discussed along with professional athlete participation. Similarly, rights of spectators, including line of sight and facility accessibility, predominated in most texts. The legal duty to provide a reasonable accommodation to employees with disabilities was also thoroughly covered. The ADA provisions most relevant to health, physical education, and recreation professionals include accessibility guidelines for fitness centers, sport facilities, and recreation areas, including play areas, swimming pools, golf courses, and boating facilities. Given that the ADA is constantly evolving with new guidelines and interpretations for sport and recreation, as well as recent case decisions, it is critical that practitioners recognize which aspects of the ADA are applicable to their organizations, facilities, and patrons.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, legal issues, sport management

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