Peer assisted learning (PAL) is a common teaching practice that influences student-learning outcomes both directly and indirectly (Brush, 1997; Rohrbeck, Ginsburg-Block, Fantuzzo, & Miller, 2003; Johnson & Ward, 2001). Although PAL is commonly used by physical education teachers, little is known about outcomes of this pedagogical strategy. Vygotskian, Piagetian, and Skinnerian learning theories have been used to explain different perspectives of using PAL. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review of the physical education literature on this theme. The purpose of this study is to analyze the research literature where PAL has been used in P-12 physical education settings and to provide a summary of these findings. In this report PAL includes studies that used peer tutoring and peer assessment, and cooperative learning as a treatment. Searches were conducted for relevant studies that included four on-line databases: (a) ERIC, (b) Social Sciences Citation Index and, (c) Sport Discus, and (d) Dissertation Abstracts. Research conducted in P-12 physical education settings, inclusive, and segregated classes where students with special needs were included. Studies in peer-reviewed journals were included and non-data-based or practitioner target articles were excluded. A total of 27 studies met the criteria. These studies were classified as (a) intervention studies assessing peer tutoring (n=18); (b) intervention studies assessing peer assessment (n=2); (c) non-intervention studies investigating peer assessment (n=2); (d) intervention studies assessing cooperative learning (n=2); and (e) non-intervention studies investigating cooperative learning in physical education (n=3). Under the categories of peer tutoring, peer assessment, and cooperative learning, research findings are discussed in terms of use of independent variables, dependent measures, setting, grade level, gender effects and design. The data analysis demonstrates the efficacy of using peer-assisted learning strategies in physical education. Keyword(s): professional development, professional preparation, research