Scheduled for Special Populations II Free Communications, Saturday, April 3, 2004, 7:30 AM - 8:30 AM, Convention Center: 208


Isokinetic Torque, Power, and Flexion/Extension Ratios in Visually Impaired and Sighted Individuals

Chris Ray and Michael Horvat, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

In oder to maintain balance and stabiltiy for movement a minimal amount of functional strength is required to promote independance. For individuals with visual impairments, muscular stength and power are commonly deficient and are detriments for orientation and mobitlity. It was the purpose of this study was to compare isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak torque, total work and flexion/extension ratios of individuals with visual impairments and sighted individuals. Individuals with visual impairments (N=13) and age and gender matched sighted participants (N=13) were tested for knee flexion and extension peak torque and total work at 90 and 180 deg/sec on a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer.. Parameters measured were peak torque(PT), time to PT, total work (W) and PT hamstrings/quadriceps(HQ) ratios. Peak torque was also corrected by body weight(BW) and body mass index (BMI). Peak torque, time to peak torque, angle of peak torque, and total work were analyzed using a 2 x 2 x 2 (group x speed x muscle) repeated analysis of variance (MANOVA). Flexion extension ratios , BMI and BW were analyzed by separate 2 x 2 (group x speed) analyses of variance. Based on the data analysis our findings suggest that: 1) sighted individuals displayed significantly greater (p < 0.05) peak torque and total work for knee flexion and extension at both speeds when adjusted for BW and BMI; 2) knee extension and flexion strength is higher for sighted individuals on all variables and significant when adjusted for BW; 3) the total work performed is lower in individuals with visual imapirments at each angular velocity; 4) there were no significant differences between groups in peak torque and total work flexion/extension ratios at both angular velocities; and 5) the angle of PT and time to PT were similar between groups . It was concluded that individuals with visual impairment are deficient in overall strength and would benefit from an exercise intervention program to improve muscular strength.
Keyword(s): adapted physical activity, older adult/aging issues, research

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