Scheduled for Sport Management, Special Populations, Leisure and Recreation Posters, Thursday, April 3, 2003, 3:00 PM - 4:00 PM, Convention Center: Exhibit Hall A


Implementation of Automated External Defibrillators in Sport Stadiums and Arenas

Daniel P. Connaughton, John O. Spengler, Heather A. Hausenblas, Angela V. Connaughton and James J. Zhang, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Consumer safety and risk management are major concerns for sport facility managers. Previous research indicates that sport stadiums are among the top 10 public places with the highest incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). The single greatest determinant for survival of SCA victims is the time from pulselessness to defibrillation. The installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in sport facilities has recently increased, however, their implementation has not gained industry-wide acceptance. The purpose of this study was to determine the scope and nature of AED use in sport stadiums and arenas. The study population was the operation managers of all Florida sport stadiums and arenas (N=32). Florida was chosen due to its greater proportion of elderly residents, who are more likely to suffer from cardiac disease. Based on a review of literature, interviews with stadium operation managers, focus group studies, a test of content validity, and a pilot study, a survey form was developed to measure factors and constraints affecting AED implementation decisions. A mail survey with follow up procedures was conducted. A total of 15 completed forms were returned, representing a response rate of 47%. The majority of respondents were male (87%), CPR certified (60%), represented private facilities (53%), and had worked in their current position an average of 5 years. Only 13% of the respondents were AED certified. Additionally, 40% of the respondents indicated that their facility's maximum seating capacity was greater than 20,000. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, and one-sample t-tests were conducted. The numbers of sports stadiums and arenas with (47%) and without (53%) AEDs were not significantly (p > .05) different. Based on a Likert 5-point scale, the operation managers indicated that the greatest constraints to AED implementation were the cost of an AED, a lack of information about protection from liability, and the belief that AEDs are not needed due to the proximity of emergency medical services. Conversely, the weakest constraints were concerns over a lack of support from national professional association, a lack of support from insurance company, and management concerns regarding possible difficulty in using an AED. The findings of this study suggest that there has been an increased implementation of AEDs in sport stadiums and arenas; however, greater implementation is warranted. Promotional procedures for AED adoption by sport facilities should consider the specific constraints identified in this study. This research was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association.

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