Scheduled for Motor Behavior: When Theory and Practice Collide: Motor Learning and Pedagogical Contradictions, Tuesday, April 9, 2002, 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM, San Diego Convention Center: Room 7A


Effect of Attentional Focus on Learning the Basic Cast for Fly Fishing

Jeff Hartman, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA

An external focus of attention, as compared to an internal focus of attention, has been shown to be more effective for the learning and performance of relatively simple, closed motor skills. This study examined whether learning advantages of an external focus of attention relative to an internal focus, as produced by feedback and instruction, would also be found for a complex sport skill (e.g. basic cast in fly fishing). Participants without experience in fly casting practiced the basic cast. One group (n=16) was instructed to focus on their body, more specifically, their arm and wrist (internal focus), whereas, another group (n=16) was instructed to focus on the movement of the fly rod and rod tip (external focus). In addition, verbal feedback was systematically provided on a faded schedule to augment the instructional process and reinforce the intended experimental focus of attention for each group. After two days of practicing (80 trials), retention and transfer tests were conducted without the presence of augmented feedback or instruction. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences between groups for casting accuracy (radial error). Irrespective of group, participants demonstrated significant learning effects throughout the duration of the study. Results were found not to agree with current research by both Singer et al. and Wulf et al.

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